Flash burn is a type of eye injury caused by intense exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light or other high-energy radiation. Often described as a Flash Burn, burning sensation in the eyes, it is sometimes referred to as welder’s flash or arc eye. Despite being temporary in most cases, flash burns can cause significant discomfort and require careful attention to prevent complications.
What Causes Flash Burn?
Flash burn occurs when the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, is damaged by exposure to intense light sources. Common causes include:
- Welding arcs: Ultraviolet light from arc welding is a frequent source of flash burn.
- Sunlight reflection: Looking directly at the sun or a solar eclipse without proper protection can cause solar flash burn.
- High-intensity lamps or lasers: Industrial, medical, or laboratory equipment emitting UV radiation can trigger flash burns.
Symptoms of Flash Burn
Flash burn symptoms often appear several hours after exposure and may include:
- Pain or a gritty sensation in the eyes
- Redness and watering
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Swollen eyelids
- Blurred vision or temporary vision loss
How Flash Burn Affects the Eyes
The cornea is the most affected part of the eye. UV radiation damages the corneal epithelial cells, causing inflammation and irritation. In most cases, the cornea heals naturally within 24 to 72 hours, as the cells regenerate. However, repeated exposure or severe burns can lead to more serious complications such as corneal scarring or chronic eye problems.
Treatment and Care
Immediate care for flash burn focuses on relieving discomfort and preventing infection:
- Avoid rubbing the eyes: Rubbing can worsen irritation.
- Use cool compresses: Applying a clean, cool cloth can soothe burning sensations.
- Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops: These help keep the eyes moist and reduce discomfort.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain medication may be used if necessary.
- Medical attention: Severe cases or persistent symptoms require evaluation by an eye specialist.
Prevention of Flash Burn
Prevention is always better than treatment. Protective measures include:
- Wearing appropriate eye protection: UV-blocking goggles or welding helmets for work involving arcs or lasers.
- Avoiding direct sunlight exposure: Never look directly at the sun, especially during solar events, without certified solar filters.
- Limiting exposure to high-intensity UV sources: Follow safety guidelines in industrial and laboratory environments.
Conclusion
Flash burn is a painful yet preventable eye condition caused by intense UV or high-energy light exposure. Awareness of the risks, proper protective equipment, and immediate care can significantly reduce the severity of flash burns. While most cases heal naturally, recurring or severe exposure may lead to long-term eye damage, highlighting the importance of vigilance and safety.